Background: Granulomatous mastitis holds a special place amongst the various non-neoplastic lesions of breast. Most granulomas at various sites are thought to be and turn out to be tubercular, especially in a high tuberculosis prevalence country. However, a physiologically dynamic organ-like breast can have granulomas due to various causes, which have different therapeutic implications. Further, these lesions are usually mass-forming and close mimickers of malignancy. A careful analysis of histopathology can provide important clues to the etiopathogenesis. Aims: The aim of this study was to perform a detailed histopathological examination of cases of granulomatous mastitis and correlate it with clinical characteristics and follow-up data wherever applicable. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of cases retrieved was carried out by two pathologists (RPS and MA). The morphological details were analyzed against the clinical, surgical, and follow-up data. Results and Conclusion: With careful analysis, the nature of constituent cells, relative proportion of cells and associated pathological findings can provide a clue as to the etiology of granulomas.

The term “choristoma” refers to a hamartomatous tumor-like lesion that is composed of normal tissue in an abnormal location Most of the cartilaginous choristomas involve the tongue. These lesions are very rarely seen in the neck. We present a case report of an 8-year-old child presenting with a swelling on the left lower third of the neck anterior and lateral to the left sternocleidomastoid muscle in the subcutaneous plane. Swelling was present as childhood and progressively increased in size. Surgical excision was done and the specimen was sent for histopathological evaluation. Histopathological examination showed a circumscribed nodule of hyaline cartilage separated from the adjacent subcutaneous tissue and overlying skin by a thin fibrous connective tissue. Excision of the lesion including perichondrium and surrounding soft tissue is considered as curative. Removal of the perichondrium is very essential for avoiding recurrences, because perichondrium may have the capacity to develop a new cartilage.

Cartilaginous metaplasia in uterine cavity is a known entity, but such a presence is extremely rare in the endocervical polyps. The importance lies in differentiating it from mixed mesodermal tumour and retained foetal parts by taking a detailed history and thorough histopathological examination. We hereby present a case of a 31-year-old female presenting with bleeding per vaginum for 1 year who was then operated for polypectomy and on histopathological examination revealed areas of cartilaginous differentiation. Only two cases of such type have been reported in the literature to the best of our knowledge.